学术论文翻译范例


电视的禅(节选)
 
TV and Buddhist-meditated Life (Excerpts)


  

  禅的生活态度就是“抓住那正在飞逝的飞逝的生命,不在飞逝之后追寻”。在一个禅师看来,一切的推理和言语在此都是无益的。一旦使用语言,就表现着意义和推理,代表的是某种自身生命之外的逻辑,与生命失落了直接的联系,只是对生命的一种幻想中的解释。禅就是用一种对语言,思想和逻辑的抛弃来超脱被理性包围的世界,通过对生活的顺应来抓住飞逝的生命。所以,禅的修行者专注于其中的时候就要断绝那些容易骚扰他的欲念,禅的生活从而更加容易成为一种苦行的生活。事实上,人们已经很难在现实的世界中寻找禅的生活,现实的生活需要理性和欲念的支持。所以,现在人们需要的是一种脱离了苦行的体验。电视用逼真的影像构造了一个可以超越现实的理性世界的想象世界。让观众沉溺其中。同时,电视中的生活总是会尽量同实际生活相联系,观众总是能够在电视中看到自己的生活、愿望及梦想。在看电视的时候,观众更愿意接受这种电视中的世界代替真实的世界提供的生活环境及生命的体验。人们在真实的生活中是不会花自己的生命去获得这种体验的,在真实的生活中他们都有自己生活的方式。但是电视提供了这样的一个环境,只要你花上这样的一段时间,就可以体验这种在真实生活中不能获得的体验。就是说,观众在看电视的时候不需要考虑生活之前是什么样的,也不用考虑之后会怎么样,它只作用于现在。可以说,电视提供了一种脱去了苦行之后的禅意。

 

  电视出现之后,又出现了几种衍生的技术,使得电视机在作为电视本身的功能上被一定程度地异化。但是我们惊奇地发现,无论是电视机、游戏机还是后来的电脑,无论是电视、游戏还是互联网,这些不同的技术产品和不同的传播技术,它们都是作为装载人的体验的机器出现的。按照理查德?道金斯(Richard Dawkins)的现代进化论的观点:人类和地球上其它一切动物、植物、细菌和病毒等,其实“都是生存机器——为一种被称为基因的自私分子而被隐蔽地输入了程序地机器人载体。”基因的目的就是不断地复制自身,这种不断复制的要求就是进化的动力,人类及地球上的生物都是这种进化的产物。这里我不想继续讨论基因是如何操纵着人类和其它生物,而只是想用它作一种类比。虽然很难做出解释,但是我深信这种“跨尺度自相似性”的存在,就好像深信每个人都是一个宇宙一样。因此,我同样深信作为人的体验的载体的媒体技术和各种媒体,其存在不过是为了满足这种体验的复制和传播的需要,如同生物的进化不过是为了满足基因自我复制的需要一样。就像生命体自身对这种基因的进化一无所知一样,电视的异化也不是革命性的代表。

 

  大众因为“快乐原则”而选择电视。在看电视成为一种生活方式之后,人类进入了一个物质文明发达的社会。现在的大众只需要选择,而不需要颠覆什么的。所以互联网的出现并没有包含着想象中那样的与电视的大异其趣,对网络的选择也并非对电视的颠覆。对受众来讲,电视只在看电视的时候是有意义的,不讨论关掉电视之后的世界是什么样子。所以说到这里,不是想要总结,也不是对电视的将来做出展望,谈论电视的过去、将来都是文化批评论者和一些与电视无关的人的做法。网络和电视都是这样一种意味的媒体,网络取代电视也不会有人感到“就死的悲哀”,这仅仅只是选择。在现时看来,这种选择也就显得很有禅意。

 

  电视就是现在,网络亦然。

 

Buddhist life attitude is to “grip the fleeting life of living things while they are fleeting and not afterwards.” For an honorable Buddhist monk, inference or words are useless here. Language here would mean implications and inference. Represented here is nothing but logic that is foreign to living organisms. It has lost direct links with practical life. It is nothing but some kind of imaginary interpretation. Buddhist meditation is a process of life that grips the fleeting life through meeting the trends of life by spurning language, ideology and logic in order to get rid of the world engulfed by rationality. Hence, a Buddhist meditation practitioner must give up the slightest interference of lust when in deep and intense contemplation. Thus a Buddhist monk may seem to have been engaged in ascetic practices all along. As a matter of fact, it is very difficult to find any ascetic practices in the realistic world today. Realistic life requires the support of rationality and desire. Therefore people need to have an experience without being involved in any ascetic practices. TV can create an imaginary world that transcends the realistic rational world with its true-to-life, intoxicating pictures. Meanwhile, TV life always links itself up with practical life. Audiences are always able to find traces of their lives, desires and dreams on the TV screen. TV viewers are more receptive to the living environment and life experience provided by the TV world in substitution of the real world. People in actual life will never try to get such experience at the cost of their very lives; they have their own way of life in the realistic world. But TV provides you with an environment where you can obtain a personal experience that would have been impossible in actual life,provided that you are ready to spare a very short time for its sake. That is to say, a TV watcher does not need to think of what life was like before or what it would be like afterwards. The TV operates just now. We may well say, TV has provided a Buddhist-pre-meditated environment that requires no ascetic practices.

 

 

 

 

 

 


Following the emergence of the TV screen world there sprang up some derivative technologies, triggering the alienation of TV sets from TV functions. But we are astonished to find that the different technical products and mass media technologies, no matter TV sets, game machines or the subsequent computers, or no matter the TV sets, the game machines or the Internet, are all machines that embody the experience of man. According to the modern evolutionary viewpoint of Richard Dawkin, man and any other animal, plant, germ, or virus on earth, are all living machines. They are all carriers of a self-seeking element called gene stealthily programmed into a robot.” The purport of the gene is to keep replicating itself. The constant replicating urge is the very motive force in evolution. Man and all other living things on earth are nothing but products of such evolution. Here I do not intend to discuss the sway of genes over man and other living organisms. I intend only to make genes an analogy. It is difficult to explain why, but I deeply believe there is a cross-yardstick similarity, just like I believe everybody is a universe by himself. Therefore I deeply believe that media technology and mass media, as carriers of man’s experience, survive only to meet the needs of replicating and disseminating the experience, just like all living things evolve to meet the needs of genes replicating them. Just as organisms themselves are ignorant of gene evolution, the alienation of TV does not stand for revolution either.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


People choose TV for joy’s sake. When watching TV becomes a way of life, man has ushered in a developed society of material civilization. People now need only to make choice; they need not subversion. The emergence of Internet, therefore, implies no divergence from TV as it was imagined to be. The option for nets implies no subversion of TV either. For the spectators, TV is meaningful only when it is watched. It involves nothing about the world after it is switched off. Here we are not making a summation, nor are we giving a perspective on TV development. To talk about the past and future of TV has always been the practice of cultural critics and those who have nothing to do with TV. Both the net and TV are media of implications. The replacement of the former for the latter won’t make people feel the “sorrow of death.” It is just a matter of choice. Judged from the present condition, the choice appears to be “Buddhist-contemplated.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

TV implies now, so does the net.

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